Which theory focuses on the individual’s personal choices and the consequences of their actions?

Rational choice theory is the correct answer because it emphasizes the idea that individuals make decisions based on a rational calculation of the costs and benefits associated with their actions. This theory posits that people are inherently self-interested and will weigh potential outcomes before engaging in any behavior, including criminal activity. The focus is on personal agency, suggesting that individuals actively choose to commit crimes when they believe that the benefits will outweigh the risks or consequences.

In contrast, positivist theory tends to emphasize biological and environmental factors as determinants of behavior, which does not align with the focus on individual choice. Social learning theory centers on how people learn behaviors through interactions and observation within a social context rather than highlighting personal decision-making processes. Labeling theory addresses the societal reactions to individuals and the effects of labels on self-identity and behavior rather than focusing on the initial choices that individuals make. Therefore, rational choice theory distinctly highlights the individual’s decision-making process and the consequences that follow their actions.